Exploring genetic associations of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with extraintestinal cancers in European and East Asian populations.

Background: Previous studies have reported associations of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with the risks of extraintestinal cancers, but the causality remains unclear. Methods: Using genetic variations robustly associated with CD and UC extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as instrumental variables. Nine types of extraintestinal cancers of European and Asian populations were selected as outcomes. We used the inverse variance weighted method as the primary approach for two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate the reliability of our findings. Results: In the European population, we found that CD showed a potential causal relationship with pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.1042; 95% CI: 1.0087-1.2088; P=0.0318). Meanwhile, both CD (outliers excluded: OR: 1.0208; 95% CI: 1.0079-1.0339; P=0.0015) and UC (outliers excluded: OR: 1.0220; 95% CI: 1.0051-1.0393; P=0.0108) were associated with a slight increase in breast cancer risk. Additionally, UC exhibited a potential causal effect on cervical cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 1.1091; 95% CI: 1.0286-1.1960; P=0.0071). In the East Asian population, CD had significant causal effects on pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.1876; 95% CI: 1.0741-1.3132; P=0.0008) and breast cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 0.9452; 95% CI: 0.9096-0.9822; P=0.0040). For UC, it exhibited significant causal associations with gastric cancer (OR: 1.1240; 95% CI: 1.0624-1.1891; P=4.7359×10-5), bile duct cancer (OR: 1.3107; 95% CI: 1.0983-1.5641; P=0.0027), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR: 1.2365; 95% CI: 1.1235-1.3608; P=1.4007×10-5) and cervical cancer (OR: 1.3941; 95% CI: 1.1708-1.6599; P=0.0002), as well as a potential causal effect on lung cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 1.1313; 95% CI: 1.0280-1.2449; P=0.0116). Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that genetically predicted CD may be a risk factor for pancreatic and breast cancers in the European population, and for pancreatic cancer in the East Asian population. Regarding UC, it may be a risk factor for cervical and breast cancers in Europeans, and for gastric, bile duct, hepatocellular, lung, and cervical cancers in East Asians. Therefore, patients with CD and UC need to emphasize screening and prevention of site-specific extraintestinal cancers.

Black cancer patients navigating a health-care system of racial discrimination.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to racial discrimination may exacerbate disparities throughout the cancer care continuum. Therefore, we explored how experiences of racial discrimination in the health-care setting manifest for Black cancer patients and how it contributes to racial disparities in cancer care. METHODS: This qualitative analysis used semistructured in-depth interviews with Black cancer survivors not on active treatment from May 2019 to March 2020. All interviews were audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and uploaded into Dedoose software for analysis. We identified major themes and subthemes that highlight exposure to racial discrimination and its consequences for Black cancer patients when receiving cancer care. RESULTS: Participants included 18 Black cancer survivors, aged 29-88 years. Most patients experienced racial discrimination when seeking care. Participants experienced racial discrimination from their interactions with health-care staff, medical assistants, front desk staff, and health insurance administrators. Exposure to overt racial discrimination in the health-care setting was rooted in racial stereotypes and manifested through verbal insults such as physicians using phrases such as "you people." These experiences impacted the ability of the health-care delivery system to demonstrate trustworthiness. Patients noted "walking out" of their visit and not having their health issues addressed. Despite experiences with racial discrimination, patients still sought care out of necessity believing it was an inevitable part of the Black individual experience. CONCLUSION: We identified that exposure to racial discrimination in the health-care setting is pervasive, affects health-seeking behaviors, and degrades the patient-clinician relationship, which may likely contribute to racial disparities in cancer care.

Ethnic disparities in cancer mortality in the capital and northeast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil 2001-17.

PURPOSE: There is a paucity of studies investigating cancer disparities in groups defined by ethnicity in transitioning economies. We examined the influence of ethnicity on mortality for the leading cancer types in São Paulo, Brazil, comparing patterns in the capital and the northeast of the state. METHODS: Cancer deaths were obtained from a Brazilian public government database for the Barretos region (2003-2017) and the municipality of São Paulo (2001-2015). Age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 persons-years, by cancer type and sex, for five self-declared racial classifications (white, black, eastern origin (Asian), mixed ethnicity (pardo), and indigenous Brazilians), were calculated using the world standard population. RESULTS: Black Brazilians had higher mortality rates for most common cancer types in Barretos, whereas in São Paulo, white Brazilians had higher rates of mortality from breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. In both regions, lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death among white, black, and pardo Brazilians, with colorectal cancer deaths leading among Asian Brazilians. Black and pardo Brazilians had higher cervical cancer mortality rates than white Brazilians. CONCLUSION: There are substantial disparities in mortality from different cancers in São Paulo according to ethnicity, pointing to inequities in access to health care services.

Effect of chronic disease on racial difference in COVID-19-associated hospitalization among cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Research indicates that Black cancer patients have higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization than their White counterparts. However, the extent to which chronic diseases contribute to racial disparities remains uncertain. We aimed to quantify the effect of chronic diseases on racial disparity in COVID-19-associated hospitalization among cancer patients. METHODS: We linked Louisiana Tumor Registry's data with statewide COVID-19 data and hospital in-patient discharge data to identify patients diagnosed with cancer in 2015-2019 who tested positive for COVID-19 in 2020 and those with COVID-19-associated hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation methods based on linear structural equations were employed to assess the effects of the number of chronic diseases (0, 1-2, ≥3) and individual chronic diseases. RESULTS: Of 6381 cancer patients who tested positive for COVID-19, 31.6% were non-Hispanic Black cancer patients. Compared with non-Hispanic White cancer patients, non-Hispanic Black cancer patients had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases (79.5% vs 66.0%) and higher COVID-19-associated hospitalization (27.2% vs 17.2%). The odds of COVID-19-associated hospitalization were 80% higher for non-Hispanic Black cancer patients than non-Hispanic White cancer patients (odds ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.59 to 2.04). After adjusting for age, sex, insurance, poverty, obesity, and cancer type, number of chronic diseases explained 37.8% of the racial disparity in COVID-19-associated hospitalization, and hypertension, diabetes, and chronic renal disease were the top 3 chronic diseases explaining 9.6%, 8.9%, and 7.3% of the racial disparity, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chronic diseases played a substantial role in the racial disparity in COVID-19-associated hospitalization among cancer patients, especially hypertension, diabetes, and renal disease. Understanding and addressing the root causes are crucial for targeted interventions, policies, and health-care strategies to reduce racial disparity.

Disparities in Cancer Screening in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: A Secondary Analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data.

OBJECTIVES: To describe cancer screening characteristics and better understand individual-, environmental-, and organizational-level barriers of sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. . SAMPLE & SETTING: This study was conducted using a combined sample from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) national dataset from 2014 and 2016. METHODS & VARIABLES: Chi-square tests for independence and logistic regression analysis tests were performed to determine whether relationships existed between SGM status and demographics. RESULTS: Black respondents or those who reported their race as other, were female, had some college or technical school or more, and had healthcare coverage were less likely to present for cancer screening. SGM respondents who were in good or better health; were unmarried; were aged 18-44 years or 45-55 years; or were Asian, Native American, or Hawaiian, or reported their race as other, had higher odds of screening for cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Disparities in cancer screening among SGM populations are not well documented. These findings will inform structured education and preventative interventions to improve screening participation among SGM populations.

A qualitative exploration of the non-financial costs of cancer care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge is growing about cancer care and financial costs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. However, much remains unknown about the true costs of cancer care, encompassing financial, emotional, and spiritual aspects. We aimed to explore and explain how non-financial costs affect the health-seeking behaviours of these clients. METHODS: Following Indigenous research protocols, this research was led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers and guided by Indigenous Hospital Liaison Officers. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with 29 participants (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer clients, their carers, and cancer-care professionals) at two Queensland public hospitals. RESULTS: Four interwoven themes encompass non-financial costs of healthcare: leaving home and family; loss of control during cancer treatment; health of the spirit; social costs. The Aboriginal relational concept of 'being held' is useful in considering client, family, and carer as central to care with the Indigenous Hospital Liaison Officer two-way interpreting between the care and client team. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Framing the reasons that clients and carers have difficulty in engaging in treatment as 'costs' enables a focus on how the health system itself is implicated in the disengagement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients from treatment.

Investigating the association between educational attainment and allostatic load with risk of cancer mortality among African American women.

BACKGROUND: African American (AA) women navigate the world with multiple intersecting marginalized identities. Accordingly, AA women have higher cumulative stress burden or allostatic load (AL) compared to other women. Studies suggest that AA women with a college degree or higher have lower AL than AA women with less than a high school diploma. We examined the joint effect of educational attainment and AL status with long-term risk of cancer mortality, and whether education moderated the association between AL and cancer mortality. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis among 4,677 AA women within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to 2010 with follow-up data through December 31, 2019. We fit weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of cancer death between educational attainment/AL (adjusted for age, income, and smoking status). RESULTS: AA women with less than a high school diploma living with high AL had nearly a 3-fold increased risk (unadjusted HR: 2.98; 95%C CI: 1.24-7.15) of cancer death compared to AA college graduates living with low AL. However, after adjusting for age, this effect attenuated (age-adjusted HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.45-2.74). AA women with high AL had 2.3-fold increased risk of cancer death (fully adjusted HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.10-4.57) when compared to AA with low AL, specifically among women with high school diploma or equivalent and without history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high allostatic load is associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality among AA women with lower educational attainment, while no such association was observed among AA women with higher educational attainment. Thus, educational attainment plays a modifying role in the relationship between allostatic load and the risk of cancer death for AA women. Higher education can bring several benefits, including improved access to medical care and enhanced medical literacy, which in turn may help mitigate the adverse impact of AL and the heightened risk of cancer mortality among AA women.

Creating and Implementing a Community Engagement Strategy for the 2022-2027 Illinois Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Through an Academic-State Public Health Department Partnership.

INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans are state-level blueprints that identify regional cancer priorities and health equity strategies. Coalitions are encouraged to engage with community members, advocacy groups, people representing multiple sectors, and working partners throughout the development process. We describe the community and legislative engagement strategy developed and implemented during 2020-2022 for the 2022-2027 Illinois CCC plan. METHODS: The engagement strategies were grounded in theory and evidence-based tools and resources. It was developed and implemented by coalition members representing the state health department and an academic partner, with feedback from the larger coalition. The strategy included a statewide town hall, 8 focus groups, and raising awareness of the plan among state policy makers. RESULTS: A total of 112 people participated in the town hall and focus groups, including 40 (36%) cancer survivors, 31 (28%) cancer caregivers, and 18 (16%) Latino and 26 (23%) African American residents. Fourteen of 53 (26%) focus group participants identified as rural. Participants identified drivers of cancer disparities (eg, lack of a comprehensive health insurance system, discrimination, transportation access) and funding and policy priorities. Illinois House Resolution 0675, the Illinois Cancer Control Plan, was passed in March 2022. CONCLUSION: The expertise and voices of community members affected by cancer can be documented and reflected in CCC plans. CCC plans can be brought to the attention of policy makers. Other coalitions working on state plans may consider replicating our strategy. Ultimately, CCC plans should reflect health equity principles and prioritize eliminating cancer disparities.

US Cancer Mortality Trends Among Hispanic Populations From 1999 to 2020.

Importance: Advances in cancer research and treatment access have led to decreasing cancer mortality in the US; however, cancer remains the leading cause of death among Hispanic individuals. Objective: To evaluate longitudinal cancer mortality trends from 1999 to 2020 among Hispanic individuals by demographic characteristics and to compare age-adjusted cancer death rates between the Hispanic population and other racial and ethnic populations during 2000, 2010, and 2020. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study obtained age-adjusted cancer death rates among Hispanic individuals of all ages between January 1999 and December 2020, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database. Cancer death rates in other racial and ethnic populations were extracted for 2000, 2010, and 2020. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to December 2022. Exposures: Age, gender, race, ethnicity, cancer type, and US census region. Main Outcomes and Measures: Trends and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in age-adjusted cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates among Hispanic individuals were estimated by cancer type, age, gender, and region. Results: From 1999 to 2020, 12 644 869 patients died of cancer in the US, of whom 690 677 (5.5%) were Hispanic; 58 783 (0.5%) were non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native; 305 386 (2.4%), non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander; 1 439 259 (11.4%), non-Hispanic Black or African American; and 10 124 361 (80.1%), non-Hispanic White. For 26 403 patients (0.2%), no ethnicity was stated. The overall CSM rate among Hispanic individuals decreased by 1.3% (95% CI, 1.2%-1.3%) annually. Overall CSM rate decreased more for Hispanic men (AAPC, -1.6%; 95% CI, -1.7% to -1.5%) compared with women (AAPC, -1.0%; 95% CI, -1.0% to -0.9%). While death rates among Hispanic individuals decreased for most cancer types, mortality rates for liver cancer (AAPC, 1.0%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.4%) increased among Hispanic men, and rates of liver (AAPC, 1.0%; 95% CI, 0.8%-1.3%), pancreas (AAPC, 0.2%; 95% CI, 0.1%-0.4%), and uterine (AAPC, 1.6%; 95% CI, 1.0%-2.3%) cancers increased among Hispanic women. Overall CSM rates increased for Hispanic men aged 25 to 34 years (AAPC, 0.7%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.1%). By US region, liver cancer mortality rates increased significantly in the West for both Hispanic men (AAPC, 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.9%-2.2%) and Hispanic women (AAPC, 1.5%; 95% CI, 1.1%-1.9%). There were differential findings in mortality rates when comparing Hispanic individuals with individuals belonging to other racial and ethnic populations. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, despite overall CSM decreasing over 2 decades among Hispanic individuals, disaggregation of data demonstrated that rates of liver cancer deaths among Hispanic men and women and pancreas and uterine cancer deaths among Hispanic women increased from 1999 to 2020. There were also disparities in CSM rates among age groups and US regions. The findings suggest that sustainable solutions need to be implemented to reverse these trends among Hispanic populations.

Molecular characterization of MET fusions from a large real-world Chinese population: A multicenter study.

PURPOSE: MET is a notable driver gene in the diversity of aberrations with clinical relevance, including exon 14 skipping, copy number gain, point mutations, and gene fusions. Compared with the former two, MET fusions are severely under-reported, leaving a series of unanswered questions. In this study, we addressed this gap by characterizing MET fusions in a large, real-world Chinese cancer population. METHODS: We retrospectively included patients with solid tumors who had DNA-based genome profiles acquired through targeted sequencing from August 2015 to May 2021. MET fusion-positive (MET+) patients were subsequently selected for clinical and molecular characterization. RESULTS: We screened 79,803 patients across 27 tumor types and detected 155 putative MET fusions from 122 patients, resulting in an overall prevalence of 0.15%. Lung cancer comprised the majority of MET+ patients (92, 75.4%). Prevalence was markedly higher in liver cancer, biliary tract cancer, and renal cancer (range 0.52%-0.60%). It was lower in ovarian cancer (0.06%). A substantial proportion (48/58, 82.8%) of unique partners were reported for the first time. High heterogeneity was observed for partners, with ST7, HLA-DRB1, and KIF5B as the three most common partners. Mutational landscape analysis of lung adenocarcinoma (n = 32) revealed a high prevalence of TP53 in MET+ alterations, EGFR L858R, EGFR L861Q, and MET amplification. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is currently the largest study in characterizing MET fusions. Our findings warrant that further clinical validation and mechanistic study may translate into therapeutic avenues for MET+ cancer patients.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Patients With Cancer and Immigration Background.

PURPOSE: Studies have shown that patients with cancer are more likely to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) than noncancer patients for symptom relief and hope. We aimed to evaluate factors of race, ethnic groups, and immigration status in attitude of patients with cancer in seeking out CAM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective questionnaire study where information on demographics, cancer information, race/ethnicity, immigration duration, and psychosocial factors was correlated with the CAM use in a community cancer center located in the borough of Brooklyn, at New York City. RESULTS: Among 658 patients, the prevalence of CAM use was 66.11%. CAM use was 71.98% in females and 54.34% in males (P = .113 × 10-4). Patients of African descent had higher CAM use (72.73%) than the White patients (63.53%; P = .0371). There was no difference of CAM use between the US born (68.77%) and the immigrants (63.98%, P = .199) as a whole; however, comparing with the US born (66.50%), Asian-born immigrants had lower CAM use (53.77%, P = .0161), whereas Latin-American born had a numerical trend toward higher CAM use (74.83%, P = .0608). The number of years of living in the United States was not associated with more CAM use. Prayer and spirituality was the most common CAM subtype used (25.91%). There was no difference in CAM use in the respective non-White ethnic groups whether they were US born or non-US born. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of patients with cancer enriched with immigration background, CAM use was the highest in African American patients. The use of CAM in the non-White patients was associated with their ethnic background, regardless whether they were US born or not. Cultural roots appeared to be a strong influencing factor for the usage of CAM.

A Decomposition Analysis of Racial Disparities in Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors: National Health Interview Survey 2009-2018.

PURPOSE: In light of the known benefits of physical activity (PA) for cancer survivors, this exploratory study sought to investigate the uptake of PA among this population in the United States. METHODS: Using the National Health Interview Survey data from 2009 to 2018, lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and lymphoma cancer survivors were identified, and their PA adherence measured per the standards of the American College of Sports Medicine. Logistic regression and the Fairlie decomposition were used, respectively, to identify correlates of PA and to explain the difference in PA adherence between races. RESULTS: Uptake of PA was significantly different between Whites and minorities. Blacks had lower odds than Whites (adjusted odds ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.93), whereas Mixed Race had twice the odds of Whites (adjusted odds ratio: 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.98) of adhering to PA recommendations. Decomposition identified education, family income-to-poverty ratio, body mass index, number of chronic conditions, alcohol use, and general health as key factors accounting for the PA disparity between cancer survivors of White and Black or Multiple/Mixed racial group. CONCLUSION: These findings could help inform behavioral PA interventions to improve their design and targeting to different racial groups of cancer survivors.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with all-cause mortality among Koreans: a nationwide cohort study.

Evidence on the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asians, especially Koreans, is limited. We hypothesized that high concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general Korean population. This study included 27,846 adults participating in the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012, followed up through December 31, 2019. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. The weighted mean serum 25(OH)D of study participants was 17.77 ng/mL; 66.5% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 94.2% had insufficient vitamin D (<30 ng/mL). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 8.1-10.6 years), 1680 deaths were documented, including 362 CVD deaths and 570 cancer deaths. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.75) compared with serum 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/mL. Based on the quartile cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D concentration, the highest quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentration (≥21.8 ng/mL) was associated with the lowest all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.85; P trend < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85; P trend = .006). No association with cancer mortality outcome was found. In conclusion, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower all-cause mortality in the general Korean population. An additional association was found between higher quartile of serum 25(OH)D and lower CVD mortality.

Disparities in Socioeconomic Factors Mediate the Impact of Racial Segregation Among Patients With Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Structural racism within the U.S. health care system contributes to disparities in oncologic care. This study sought to examine the socioeconomic factors that underlie the impact of racial segregation on hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) cancer inequities. METHODS: Both Black and White patients who presented with HPB cancer were identified from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (2005-2015) and 2010 Census data. The Index of Dissimilarity (IoD), a validated measure of segregation, was examined relative to cancer stage at diagnosis, surgical resection, and overall mortality. Principal component analysis and structural equation modeling were used to determine the mediating effect of socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: Among 39,063 patients, 86.4 % (n = 33,749) were White and 13.6 % (n = 5314) were Black. Black patients were more likely to reside in segregated areas than White patients (IoD, 0.62 vs. 0.52; p < 0.05). Black patients in highly segregated areas were less likely to present with early-stage disease (relative risk [RR], 0.89; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.95) or undergo surgery for localized disease (RR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.70-0.91), and had greater mortality hazards (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.17) than White patients in low segregation areas (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis identified poverty, lack of insurance, education level, crowded living conditions, commute time, and supportive income as contributing to 25 % of the disparities in early-stage presentation. Average income, house price, and income mobility explained 17 % of the disparities in surgical resection. Notably, average income, house price, and income mobility mediated 59 % of the effect that racial segregation had on long-term survival. CONCLUSION: Racial segregation, mediated through underlying socioeconomic factors, accounted for marked disparities in access to surgical care and outcomes for patients with HPB cancer.

Cancer mortality rates by racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2018-2020.

BACKGROUND: Starting in 2018, national death certificates included a new racial classification system that accounts for multiple-race decedents and separates Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) individuals from Asian individuals. We estimated cancer death rates across updated racial and ethnic categories, sex, and age. METHODS: Age-standardized US cancer mortality rates and rate ratios from 2018 to 2020 among individuals aged 20 years and older were estimated with national death certificate data by race and ethnicity, sex, age, and cancer site. RESULTS: In 2018, there were approximately 597 000 cancer deaths, 598 000 in 2019, and 601 000 in 2020. Among men, cancer death rates were highest in Black men (298.2 per 100 000; n = 105 632), followed by White (250.8; n = 736 319), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; 249.2; n = 3376), NHPI (205.6; n = 1080), Latino (177.2; n = 66 167), and Asian (147.9; n = 26 591) men. Among women, Black women had the highest cancer death rates (206.5 per 100 000; n = 104 437), followed by NHPI (192.1; n = 1141), AI/AN (189.9; n = 3239), White (183.0; n = 646 865), Latina (128.4; n = 61 579), and Asian (111.4; n = 26 396) women. The highest death rates by age group occurred among NHPI individuals aged 20-49 years and Black individuals aged 50-69 and 70 years and older. Asian individuals had the lowest cancer death rates across age groups. Compared with Asian individuals, total cancer death rates were 39% higher in NHPI men and 73% higher in NHPI women. CONCLUSIONS: There were striking racial and ethnic disparities in cancer death rates during 2018-2020. Separating NHPI and Asian individuals revealed large differences in cancer mortality between 2 groups that were previously combined in vital statistics data.

Participation in and Satisfaction with a Community-Based Physical Activity Program Among Hispanic Cancer Survivors.

The objective of this study was to explore the experience of Hispanic cancer survivors participating in Active Living After Cancer (ALAC), a community-based physical activity program. We analyzed participation and satisfaction data from 250 participants who completed the program from 2017 to 2020 (55% Hispanic, 28% Black, 14% non-Hispanic White). Using a hybrid coding approach, open-text survey comments responses from Hispanic participants (n = 138) were qualitatively analyzed and key themes developed to better contextualize the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis revealed that Hispanic participants attended an average of 9.44 out of 12 sessions. There were no differences in attendance by race/ethnicity; however, Hispanic participants reported significantly higher overall satisfaction ratings than non-Hispanic White participants (4.93 vs 4.65 on a 5-point scale). Open-ended comments indicated that Hispanic ALAC participants experience collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and self-regulation, through observational learning enabled by program facilitation. The ALAC program is highly acceptable and relevant to Hispanic cancer survivors and will inform the continued expansion of other community-based survivorship programs for Hispanic communities throughout Texas.